Radiation is ever-present in our lives. We interact with radiation from other sources, and even give off our own! Most of us understand that the sun outputs radiation, because we can see it (as visible light) and feel it. What about all the other different types of radiation, though?
Research the type of radiation assigned to you, and tell your blog audience about it. What is it? How can we detect it? Does it affect us, and if so, how? What is the source of your type of radiation? Be sure to proofread; comments with spelling errors, text abbreviations, lack of punctuation, etc. will not be posted. Have a friend check your post first!
The Black-body Radiation
ReplyDeleteThe Black-body radiation depends only on the temperature of the body. It appears black at room temperature, it’s radiates is infra-red and cannot be seen by the human eye. The higher the temperature goes the black-body starts to glow. Its starts off as dull red (being the coolest) and ends at the hottest point brilliant blue white (being the hottest). It affects us because we give out infra-red radiation and most of the black-body’s emission is in the infra-red region meaning as the temperature increases the brighter the black-body will glow. Same for us the hotter we get the more you notice the brighter we get.
Site:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-body_radiation
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ReplyDeleteIonizing Radiation
ReplyDeleteIonizing radiation is basically a radiation with high energy that during an interaction with an atom, it can basically remove tight bound electrons from the orbit of an atom. We can detect Ionizing radiation by an instrument called, Dosimeter. One example of how this type of radiation can affect us is it can give us a sickness through the effect on the bone marrow which can cause us to throw up and have diarrhea. Its sources usually come from when you get an X ray at the doctors or even decay of uranium in the Earth. Uranium is basically a heavy metal.
Sources:
http://www.iaea.org/Publications/Booklets/RadPeopleEnv/sources.html
Gamma Rays
ReplyDeleteGamma rays or gamma radiation is high frequency of electromagnetic radiation due to its high photons. Gamma rays are emitted in radioactive decay they are found in nuclear explosions. We can detect it with a device called the CD V-700. Gamma rays have high forms of radiation, cause tissue damage and if exposed to gamma rays long enough they can get radiation sickness or even die. They only time I heard about gamma rays besides today was in hulk the movie.
http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_ray
Ultraviolet A is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than that of visible light, but longer than X-rays that is in the range between 400 nm and 10 nm. A small amount of near-ultraviolet reaches the surface and does not cause sunburn, but is still capable of causing long-term skin damage and cancer. A smaller amount of UV reaches the surface and is responsible for sunburn. The UV spectrum has many effects both beneficial and damaging to human health. Sunlight is the main source of UV rays, which can damage the DNA in your skin cells. Ultraviolet light can be detected by suitable photodiodes and photocathodes.
ReplyDeleteSources:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet
Extremely Low Frequency
ReplyDeleteExtremely Low Frequency waves are electromagnetic radiation (radio waves) with frequencies from 3 to 30 Hz, and corresponding wavelengths from 100,000 to 10,000 kilometers. We can detect the ELF by using the ELF detector. The detector allows you to find "hotspots", electromagnetic field radiation levels from fans, electrical appliances, wiring, power lines…This unit is also used to detect paranormal activities as you see on television. This meter is a great unit if you would like to see the invisible world or see the unexplainable activities in the dark. ELF radio waves are generated by lightning and natural disturbances in Earth's magnetic field. These ELF transmission are used to communicate with military men in submarines.The International Agency for Research on Cancer believe that the ELF could be a possible cause of cancer. They found out that "Human health population studies showing weak evidence of an association with childhood leukemia; and a large database of laboratory study results showing inadequate evidence of an association with cancer in animals".
Non-ionizing radiation is any form of radiation that does not cary enough energy to ionize atoms or molecules. Ionization is simply when an atom or molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons, examples of this form if radiation can be radio or micro waves. The usual definitions say that the radiation with particle or photon energies (eV) are considered non-ionizing. Despite the fact that this radiation cannot cause an atom to lose and electron it still can be carcinogenic. Non-ionizing radiation can originate from natural sources such as sunlight or he man-made in examples like wireless communications, industrial scientific, and medical applications. There are many ways to know that non-ionizing radiation is around, one is to find antenna because they pick up these kinda of rays, another way is to use radar detectors.
ReplyDeleteSources: http://www.brighthubengineering.com/consumer-appliances-electronics/92581-detectors-for-non-ionizing-radiation/
http://www.who.int/peh-emf/meetings/archive/en/keynote3ng.pdf
http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-ionizing_radiation
Radio Wave
ReplyDeleteRadio waves are also called electromagnetic radiation that is essential to today's technology. It is what our cellphones, car radios,televisions, etc. use to connect to our service. We can easily detect it by using our cell phones, we are constantly detecting these waves. The wavelengths of the radio radiation can be as small as 1 mm and up to 100 km. Radio radiation can also be used for medical purposes and treatments. The most common sources of radio radiation is cell phone companies, radio stations, airports, etc. We do not realize how much we depend on radio radiation it is sustaining most of our newest technology and our entertainment.
Source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_wave
Alpha rays are actually high-speed particles. Alpha rays are made up of two protons and two neutrons, which are held together by a nucleus. Even though alpha rays travel fast any sort of cover easily blocks them. Alpha rays begin to slow down and lose its energy as they travel through the air, which leads to them becoming harmless. We cannot detect alpha rays unless they are also produced with beta and gamma rays. Alpha rays are not damaging to the external parts of the human body and don’t penetrate to deeply. However if the alpha rays are internal they can harm living tissue just like certain types of cancer treatments.
ReplyDeleteSource: http://orise.orau.gov/reacts/guide/alpha.htm, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_particle, http://education.jlab.org/qa/radbegin_04.html
Alpha rays are actually high-speed particles. Alpha rays are made up of two protons and two neutrons, which are held together by a nucleus. Even though alpha rays travel fast any sort of cover easily blocks them. Alpha rays begin to slow down and lose its energy as they travel through the air, which leads to them becoming harmless. We cannot detect alpha rays unless they are also produced with beta and gamma rays. Alpha rays are not damaging to the external parts of the human body and don’t penetrate to deeply. However if the alpha rays are internal they can harm living tissue just like certain types of cancer treatments.
ReplyDeleteSource: http://orise.orau.gov/reacts/guide/alpha.htm, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_particle, http://education.jlab.org/qa/radbegin_04.html
Thermal Radiation
ReplyDeleteThermal Radiation is the process of electromagnetic radiation being emitted by a source of heat that transfers energy to anything around it. The wavelengths of thermal radiation can vary between long infrared rays, the visible light spectrum, and even small UV rays as well. Thermal radiation's energy and intensity is determined by the temperature of whichever surface is giving off heat. Some examples of how thermal radiation affects us include the Sun, which heats the Earth, and then a fireplace, which can bring warmth to a whole room.
Source: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/591461/thermal-radiation
Beta Radiation
ReplyDeleteBeta particles are subatomic particles ejected from the nucleus of some radioactive atoms. They are equivalent to electrons. The difference is that beta particles originate in the nucleus and electrons originate outside the nucleus. Beta radiation is radiation due to beta particles, which are electrons (or, sometimes, positrons). Mostly, when people come across the words ‘beta radiation’, what is meant is what is produced by beta decay. Beta radiation is in between alpha and gamma in terms of its penetrating power. So usually beta is greater than alpha but less than gamma. However, it can be less powerful than alpha radiation when it is at a low energy. As a type of ionizing radiation, the Geiger counter can detect and measure it. It detects the emission of nuclear radiation (alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays) by the ionization produced in a low-pressure gas in a Geiger Müller tube. Some beta particles can be won't get through human skin. If inhaled or swallowed they can likely cause damage to some of the chemical links between the living molecules of the cell or cause some permanent genetic change in the cell nucleus. Signs of acute beta radiation sickness include nausea, vomiting and dizziness. The time that this happens may vary depending on exposure.
Sources: http://www.universetoday.com/51220/beta-radiation/#ixzz2gc4R4nC6
http://www.kingcounty.gov/healthservices/health/preparedness/radiation/facts.aspx
http://www.oasisllc.com/abgx/radioactivity.htm
http://www.livestrong.com/article/183999-the-effects-of-beta-radiation/
http://hps.org/publicinformation/ate/faqs/radiationdetection.html
Very Low Frequency Radiation (VLF)
ReplyDeleteVery Low Frequency (VLF) Radiation is radio frequencies (RF) in the range of 3 kHz to 30 kHz and wavelengths from 10 to 100 kilometers. We can detect with the radio antenna receivers which are all over the world, on all seven continents, for a wide variety of experiments and We work with NASA and the United Nations to place our VLF receivers in developing countries, which not only gives us more data, but provides a science-grade instrument that scientists in developing countries can use to train students in science and head start their own careers. Low frequency radiation is non-ionizing radiation that does not affect or does not have enough energy to remove electrons or directly damage DNA. Low-energy UV rays, visible light, infrared rays, microwaves, and radio waves are all forms of non-ionizing radiation. Aside from UV rays, these types of radiation are not known to increase cancer risk.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Very_low_frequency
http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancercauses/othercarcinogens/medicaltreatments/radiation-exposure-and-cancer
Microwave Radiation
ReplyDeleteMicrowave radiation is a form of Electromagnetic Radiation between infrared radiation and radio radiation. Essentially, microwave radiation is an independent band of radiation, a group of radio waves. It’s wavelengths are anywhere from 0.3 ghz to 300 ghz. Microwave radiation can be detected by microwave telescopes that have to be positioned in high and dry locations because water vapor can absorb the radiation before it reaches the earths surface. Microwave radiation over a lot of exposure can cause cancer or if high density microwave exposure can cause burns or warming of the area. the source of Microwave radiation is our sun, active galaxies, and the Milky Way.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microwave
http://space.about.com/od/astronomydictionary/g/Microwave-Radiation.htm
Cosmic ray radiation is the term given to high energy radiation which strikes the Earth from space. Some of them have ultrahigh energies in the range 100 - 1000 TeV. Such extreme energies come from only a few sources like Cygnus X-3. The peak of the energy distribution is at about 0.3 GeV. The intensity of cosmic radiation increases with altitude, indicating that it comes from outer space. It changes with latitude, indicating that it consists at least partly of charged particles which are affected by the earth's magnetic field. Now a days we detect cosmic rays with (Direct detection ) of CRs: balloon- and space-borne experiments, (Indirect detection) of CRs: extensive-air showers (EAS). Cosmic rays do not affect us as much. Us humans on the surface of the Earth are protected by the Ozone layer, which slows down and stops all but the highest energy cosmic rays (and the secondary particles they make in the atmosphere), and by the Earth's magnetic field, which deflects low-energy cosmic rays away except over the polar regions. Some cosmic radiation does reach the surface of the Earth , it can increase the chance of getting cancer depending on the altitude that you are on. The source of Cosmic rays radiation is the source of a supernova.
ReplyDeleteSources
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/astro/cosmic.html
http://isapp2012paris.sciencesconf.org/conference/isapp2012paris/P_Ghia_CosmicRayDetection_I.pdf
X-rays radiation
ReplyDeleteX-rays radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation. X-rays have a wavelength in the range of 0.01 to 10 nanometers, corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz and energies in the range 100 eV to 100 KeV. X- rays radiation cannot be detected by human senses. A variaty of handheld and laboratory instruments is variable for detecting and measuring radiation for example; Geiger Counter, Geiger Mueller (GM) Tube or Probe. X-rays radiation cause health effects on us by radioactive materials that decay spontaneously produce ionizing , which has sufficient energy to strip away electrons from atoms or to break some chemical bonds. Also mistakes made in the natural repair process can lead to cancerous cells.
http://www.epa.gov/radiation/understand/health_effects.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/X-raysradiation
Infrared Radiation is a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that extends from the long wavelength end of the visible light range to the microwave range. Infrared radiation is blind to the eye but it can be censored on your skin. It’s not that harmful to us on earth. In fact it’s essential to our planet. The primary source of infrared radiation is heat or thermal radiation. This is the radiation produced by the motion of atoms and molecules in an object. Any object which has a temperature above absolute zero Fahrenheit radiates in the infrared. Infrared radiation can be detected by infrared detectors that react to infrared radiation. Thermocouple detectors, Bolometers and Heat sensitive devices detect this radiation.
ReplyDeleteSource: http://livingsta.hubpages.com/hub/How-does-Infrared-Radiation-work-Discovery-Detection-Properties-and-Facts-about-Infrared:
Ultraviolet (UV) light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than that of visible light, but longer than X-rays, in the range 10 nm to 400 nm, and energies from 3eV to 124 eV. UVB is the middle-range of UV with wavelengths between 290-320 nm. It responsible for burning, tanning, acceleration of skin aging and plays a big role in the development of skin cancer. The intensity of UVB varies by season, location and time of day. The most significant amount of UVB hits the U.S. between 10 AM and 4 PM between April and October. UVB rays do not penetrate glass.
ReplyDeleteSite:
http://www.skincancer.org/prevention/uva-and-uvb/shining-light-on-ultraviolet-radiation
Visible light
ReplyDeleteThe spectrum of visible light is a wavelength that is very familiar to us because it is present throughout our lives. When we, as humans, see a child's face , the lawn on our house, and even a beautiful painting that brings us to tears, that is because of visible light. This is possible only when the electromagnetic wavelength lies between 400nm and 700nm, which is why it is possible for us to see it.